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                    程序结构
            
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                    类型
            
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                    基础数据类型
            
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                    常量
            
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                    结构体
            
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                    JSON
            
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                    文本和HTML模板
            
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                    函数
            
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                    函数声明
            
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                    递归
            
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                    多返回值
            
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                    函数值
            
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                    匿名函数
            
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                    可变参数
            
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                    Deferred函数
            
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                    Panic异常
            
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                    Recover捕获异常
            
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                    方法
            
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                    方法声明
            
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                    基于指针对象的方法
            
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                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
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                    方法值和方法表达式
            
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                    示例: Bit数组
            
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                    封装
            
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                    接口
            
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                    接口是合约
            
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                    接口类型
            
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                    实现接口的条件
            
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                    flag.Value接口
            
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                    接口值
            
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                    sort.Interface接口
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.7" data-path="../ch7/ch7-07.html">
            
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                    http.Handler接口
            
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                    error接口
            
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                    示例: 表达式求值
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.8.10" data-path="../ch7/ch7-10.html">
            
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                    类型断言
            
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                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
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                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
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                    类型分支
            
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                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
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                    补充几点
            
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                    Goroutines和Channels
            
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                    Goroutines
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.2" data-path="../ch8/ch8-02.html">
            
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                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.3" data-path="../ch8/ch8-03.html">
            
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                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
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                    Channels
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.5" data-path="../ch8/ch8-05.html">
            
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                    并发的循环
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.6" data-path="../ch8/ch8-06.html">
            
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                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.7" data-path="../ch8/ch8-07.html">
            
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                    基于select的多路复用
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.8" data-path="../ch8/ch8-08.html">
            
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                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.9" data-path="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
            
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                    并发的退出
            
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                    示例: 聊天服务
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10" data-path="../ch9/ch9.html">
            
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                    基于共享变量的并发
            
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                    竞争条件
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.2" data-path="../ch9/ch9-02.html">
            
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                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.3" data-path="../ch9/ch9-03.html">
            
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                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10.4" data-path="../ch9/ch9-04.html">
            
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                    内存同步
            
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                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
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                    竞争条件检测
            
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                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
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                    Goroutines和线程
            
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                    包和工具
            
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                    包的匿名导入
            
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                    包和命名
            
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                    工具
            
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                    测试
            
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                <a href="../ch11/ch11-01.html">
            
                    
                    go test
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.2" data-path="../ch11/ch11-02.html">
            
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                    测试函数
            
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                    测试覆盖率
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.12.4" data-path="../ch11/ch11-04.html">
            
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                    基准测试
            
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                    剖析
            
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                    示例函数
            
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                    反射
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.1" data-path="ch12-01.html">
            
                <a href="ch12-01.html">
            
                    
                    为何需要反射?
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.2" data-path="ch12-02.html">
            
                <a href="ch12-02.html">
            
                    
                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter active" data-level="1.13.3" data-path="ch12-03.html">
            
                <a href="ch12-03.html">
            
                    
                    Display递归打印
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.4" data-path="ch12-04.html">
            
                <a href="ch12-04.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
        </li>
    
        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.5" data-path="ch12-05.html">
            
                <a href="ch12-05.html">
            
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.6" data-path="ch12-06.html">
            
                <a href="ch12-06.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
                </a>
            

            
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                    获取结构体字段标签
            
                </a>
            

            
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                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
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                    几点忠告
            
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                    底层编程
            
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                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.2" data-path="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
                </a>
            

            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.3" data-path="../ch13/ch13-03.html">
            
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                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
                </a>
            

            
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                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
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                    附录
            
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                                <h2 id="123-display&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5668;">12.3. Display&#xFF0C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5668;</h2>
<p>&#x63A5;&#x4E0B;&#x6765;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x6539;&#x5584;&#x805A;&#x5408;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x60F3;&#x5B8C;&#x5168;&#x514B;&#x9686;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;fmt.Sprint&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x6784;&#x5EFA;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x8C03;&#x8BD5;&#x7528;&#x7684;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;&#x7ED9;&#x5B9A;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7C7B;&#x578B; x&#xFF0C;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x6807;&#x8BB0;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x3002;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4ECE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">e, _ := eval.Parse(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;sqrt(A / pi)&quot;</span>)
Display(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;e&quot;</span>, e)
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x4F20;&#x5165;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#x662F;&#x5728;7.9&#x8282;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#x6C42;&#x503C;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x6CD5;&#x6811;&#x3002;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">Display e (eval.call):
e.fn = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;sqrt&quot;</span>
e.args[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> = eval.binary
e.args[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].value.op = <span class="hljs-number">47</span>
e.args[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].value.x.<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> = eval.Var
e.args[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].value.x.value = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;A&quot;</span>
e.args[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].value.y.<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> = eval.Var
e.args[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].value.y.value = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;pi&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x4F60;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x5C3D;&#x91CF;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x5728;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5305;&#x7684;API&#x4E2D;&#x66B4;&#x9732;&#x6D89;&#x53CA;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x672A;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x662F;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x53EA;&#x662F;display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x5305;&#x88C5;&#x4EE5;&#x63A5;&#x53D7;interface{}&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x53C2;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch12/display</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> Display(name <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>, x <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{}) {
    fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Display %s (%T):\n&quot;</span>, name, x)
    display(name, reflect.ValueOf(x))
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E86;&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x57FA;&#x7840;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x57FA;&#x672C;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3001;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x548C;chan&#x7B49;&#x2014;&#x2014;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x503C;&#x7684;formatAtom&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F1A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;reflect.Value&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6765;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x4E0B;&#x964D;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;path&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#xFF0C;&#x4ECE;&#x6700;&#x5F00;&#x59CB;&#x4F20;&#x5165;&#x7684;&#x8D77;&#x59CB;&#x503C;&#xFF08;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x662F;&#x201C;e&#x201D;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5C06;&#x9010;&#x6B65;&#x589E;&#x957F;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x662F;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x8FBE;&#x5230;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x503C;&#xFF08;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x201C;e.args[0].value&#x201D;&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E0D;&#x518D;&#x6A21;&#x62DF;fmt.Sprint&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;fmt&#x5305;&#x6765;&#x7B80;&#x5316;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> display(path <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>, v reflect.Value) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">switch</span> v.Kind() {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> reflect.Invalid:
        fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s = invalid\n&quot;</span>, path)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; v.Len(); i++ {
            display(fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s[%d]&quot;</span>, path, i), v.Index(i))
        }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> reflect.Struct:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; v.NumField(); i++ {
            fieldPath := fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s.%s&quot;</span>, path, v.Type().Field(i).Name)
            display(fieldPath, v.Field(i))
        }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> reflect.Map:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> _, key := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> v.MapKeys() {
            display(fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s[%s]&quot;</span>, path,
                formatAtom(key)), v.MapIndex(key))
        }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> reflect.Ptr:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> v.IsNil() {
            fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s = nil\n&quot;</span>, path)
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
            display(fmt.Sprintf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;(*%s)&quot;</span>, path), v.Elem())
        }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> reflect.Interface:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> v.IsNil() {
            fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s = nil\n&quot;</span>, path)
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
            fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s.type = %s\n&quot;</span>, path, v.Elem().Type())
            display(path+<span class="hljs-string">&quot;.value&quot;</span>, v.Elem())
        }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>: <span class="hljs-comment">// basic types, channels, funcs</span>
        fmt.Printf(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%s = %s\n&quot;</span>, path, formatAtom(v))
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x8BA8;&#x8BBA;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>Slice&#x548C;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x7684;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x3002;Len&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;slice&#x6216;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x503C;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;Index(i)&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;i&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7684;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;reflect.Value&#xFF1B;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x7D22;&#x5F15;i&#x8D85;&#x51FA;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#x5C06;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;panic&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E0E;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x6216;slice&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5185;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;len(a)&#x548C;a[i]&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x3002;display&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x81EA;&#x8EAB;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x5728;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x65F6;&#x5411;path&#x9644;&#x52A0;&#x201C;[i]&#x201D;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x867D;&#x7136;reflect.Value&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5E26;&#x6709;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x53EA;&#x6709;&#x5C11;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x80FD;&#x5BF9;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x503C;&#x90FD;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;Index&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x5BF9;Slice&#x3001;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x6216;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5BF9;&#x5176;&#x5B83;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5219;&#x4F1A;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;panic&#x5F02;&#x5E38;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#xFF1A;</strong> NumField&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x4E2D;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;Field(i)&#x4EE5;reflect.Value&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x7B2C;i&#x4E2A;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x5217;&#x8868;&#x4E5F;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x533F;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x6BB5;&#x63D0;&#x5347;&#x4E0A;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x3002;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x5728;path&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x201C;.f&#x201D;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;reflect.Type&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x7B2C;i&#x4E2A;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7684;&#x540D;&#x5B57;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>Maps:</strong> MapKeys&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;reflect.Value&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;slice&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;map&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;key&#x3002;&#x548C;&#x5F80;&#x5E38;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#xFF0C;&#x904D;&#x5386;map&#x65F6;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x662F;&#x968F;&#x673A;&#x7684;&#x3002;MapIndex(key)&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;map&#x4E2D;key&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;value&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5411;path&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x201C;[key]&#x201D;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x672A;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x5DE5;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;&#x5176;&#x5B9E;map&#x7684;key&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x5C40;&#x9650;&#x4E8E;formatAtom&#x80FD;&#x5B8C;&#x7F8E;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF1B;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x3001;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x548C;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x90FD;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;map&#x7684;key&#x3002;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5B8C;&#x5584;key&#x7684;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x662F;&#x7EC3;&#x4E60;12.1&#x7684;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#x3002;&#xFF09;</p>
<p><strong>&#x6307;&#x9488;&#xFF1A;</strong> Elem&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x6307;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F9D;&#x7136;&#x662F;reflect.Value&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x5373;&#x4F7F;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x662F;nil&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x5B89;&#x5168;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x662F;Invalid&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;IsNil&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6765;&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7A7A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x66F4;&#x5408;&#x9002;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x3002;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;path&#x524D;&#x9762;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x201C;*&#x201D;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x7528;&#x62EC;&#x5F27;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4EE5;&#x907F;&#x514D;&#x6B67;&#x4E49;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x518D;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;IsNil&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x6765;&#x6D4B;&#x8BD5;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x662F;nil&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8C03;&#x7528;v.Elem()&#x6765;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x548C;&#x503C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x603B;&#x7B97;&#x5B8C;&#x5DE5;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x770B;&#x770B;&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x8868;&#x73B0;&#x5427;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;Movie&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x662F;&#x5728;4.5&#x8282;&#x7684;&#x7535;&#x5F71;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E0A;&#x6F14;&#x53D8;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Movie <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    Title, Subtitle <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    Year            <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>
    Color           <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span>
    Actor           <span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>]<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    Oscars          []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
    Sequel          *<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x8BE5;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x7136;&#x540E;&#x770B;&#x770B;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x5B83;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">strangelove := Movie{
    Title:    <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Dr. Strangelove&quot;</span>,
    Subtitle: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb&quot;</span>,
    Year:     <span class="hljs-number">1964</span>,
    Color:    <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>,
    Actor: <span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>]<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Dr. Strangelove&quot;</span>:            <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Peter Sellers&quot;</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Grp. Capt. Lionel Mandrake&quot;</span>: <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Peter Sellers&quot;</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Pres. Merkin Muffley&quot;</span>:       <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Peter Sellers&quot;</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Gen. Buck Turgidson&quot;</span>:        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;George C. Scott&quot;</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Brig. Gen. Jack D. Ripper&quot;</span>:  <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Sterling Hayden&quot;</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">`Maj. T.J. &quot;King&quot; Kong`</span>:      <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Slim Pickens&quot;</span>,
    },

    Oscars: []<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Best Actor (Nomin.)&quot;</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Best Adapted Screenplay (Nomin.)&quot;</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Best Director (Nomin.)&quot;</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Best Picture (Nomin.)&quot;</span>,
    },
}
</code></pre>
<p>Display(&quot;strangelove&quot;, strangelove)&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x5C06;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#xFF08;strangelove&#x7535;&#x5F71;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x4E2D;&#x6587;&#x540D;&#x662F;&#x300A;&#x5947;&#x7231;&#x535A;&#x58EB;&#x300B;&#xFF09;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">Display strangelove (display.Movie):
strangelove.Title = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Dr. Strangelove&quot;</span>
strangelove.Subtitle = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb&quot;</span>
strangelove.Year = <span class="hljs-number">1964</span>
strangelove.Color = <span class="hljs-literal">false</span>
strangelove.Actor[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Gen. Buck Turgidson&quot;</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;George C. Scott&quot;</span>
strangelove.Actor[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Brig. Gen. Jack D. Ripper&quot;</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Sterling Hayden&quot;</span>
strangelove.Actor[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Maj. T.J. \&quot;King\&quot; Kong&quot;</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Slim Pickens&quot;</span>
strangelove.Actor[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Dr. Strangelove&quot;</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Peter Sellers&quot;</span>
strangelove.Actor[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Grp. Capt. Lionel Mandrake&quot;</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Peter Sellers&quot;</span>
strangelove.Actor[<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Pres. Merkin Muffley&quot;</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Peter Sellers&quot;</span>
strangelove.Oscars[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Best Actor (Nomin.)&quot;</span>
strangelove.Oscars[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Best Adapted Screenplay (Nomin.)&quot;</span>
strangelove.Oscars[<span class="hljs-number">2</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Best Director (Nomin.)&quot;</span>
strangelove.Oscars[<span class="hljs-number">3</span>] = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Best Picture (Nomin.)&quot;</span>
strangelove.Sequel = <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#x4E2D;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;<code>*os.File</code>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">Display(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;os.Stderr&quot;</span>, os.Stderr)
<span class="hljs-comment">// Output:</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Display os.Stderr (*os.File):</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// (*(*os.Stderr).file).fd = 2</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// (*(*os.Stderr).file).name = &quot;/dev/stderr&quot;</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// (*(*os.Stderr).file).nepipe = 0</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x770B;&#x51FA;&#xFF0C;&#x53CD;&#x5C04;&#x80FD;&#x591F;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x5230;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x4E2D;&#x672A;&#x5BFC;&#x51FA;&#x7684;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x3002;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5F53;&#x5FC3;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5728;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x4E0A;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x968F;&#x7740;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x5E93;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x4E5F;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x8FD9;&#x4E5F;&#x662F;&#x5C06;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E3A;&#x79C1;&#x6709;&#x6210;&#x5458;&#x7684;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x4E4B;&#x4E00;&#xFF01;&#xFF09;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x751A;&#x81F3;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7528;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x663E;&#x793A;reflect.Value &#x7684;&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x6784;&#x9020;&#xFF08;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x4E3A;<code>*os.File</code>&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x63CF;&#x8FF0;&#x4F53;&#xFF09;&#x3002;<code>Display(&quot;rV&quot;, reflect.ValueOf(os.Stderr))</code>&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x8F93;&#x51FA;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x73AF;&#x5883;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6709;&#x5DEE;&#x5F02;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">Display rV (reflect.Value):
(*rV.typ).size = <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
(*rV.typ).hash = <span class="hljs-number">871609668</span>
(*rV.typ).align = <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
(*rV.typ).fieldAlign = <span class="hljs-number">8</span>
(*rV.typ).kind = <span class="hljs-number">22</span>
(*(*rV.typ).<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;*os.File&quot;</span>

(*(*(*rV.typ).uncommonType).methods[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].name) = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;Chdir&quot;</span>
(*(*(*(*rV.typ).uncommonType).methods[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].mtyp).<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;func() error&quot;</span>
(*(*(*(*rV.typ).uncommonType).methods[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].typ).<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>) = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;func(*os.File) error&quot;</span>
...
</code></pre>
<p>&#x89C2;&#x5BDF;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x7684;&#x533A;&#x522B;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> i <span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span>{} = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>

Display(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;i&quot;</span>, i)
<span class="hljs-comment">// Output:</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Display i (int):</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// i = 3</span>

Display(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&amp;i&quot;</span>, &amp;i)
<span class="hljs-comment">// Output:</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Display &amp;i (*interface {}):</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// (*&amp;i).type = int</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// (*&amp;i).value = 3</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;reflect.ValueOf(i)&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Int&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x6B63;&#x5982;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;12.2&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#x63D0;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;reflect.ValueOf&#x603B;&#x662F;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684; Value&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5B83;&#x662F;&#x4ECE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x503C;&#x63D0;&#x53D6;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5728;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x662F;reflect.ValueOf(&amp;i)&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x5411;i&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;Ptr&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x5728;switch&#x7684;Ptr&#x5206;&#x652F;&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#x8C03;&#x7528; Elem &#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Value&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x53D8;&#x91CF; i &#x672C;&#x8EAB;&#xFF0C;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;Interface&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x50CF;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x95F4;&#x63A5;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x7684;Value&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4EE3;&#x8868;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x81EA;&#x8EAB;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6B21;&#x5B83;&#x5206;&#x522B;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4E86;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x7684;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x548C;&#x503C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x56FE;&#x4E2D;&#x542B;&#x6709;&#x56DE;&#x73AF;&#xFF0C;Display&#x5C06;&#x4F1A;&#x9677;&#x5165;&#x6B7B;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#xFF0C;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x9996;&#x5C3E;&#x76F8;&#x8FDE;&#x7684;&#x94FE;&#x8868;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go"><span class="hljs-comment">// a struct that points to itself</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> Cycle <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span>{ Value <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>; Tail *Cycle }
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> c Cycle
c = Cycle{<span class="hljs-number">42</span>, &amp;c}
Display(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;c&quot;</span>, c)
</code></pre>
<p>Display&#x4F1A;&#x6C38;&#x8FDC;&#x4E0D;&#x505C;&#x5730;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x6DF1;&#x5EA6;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-Go">Display c (display.Cycle):
c.Value = <span class="hljs-number">42</span>
(*c.Tail).Value = <span class="hljs-number">42</span>
(*(*c.Tail).Tail).Value = <span class="hljs-number">42</span>
(*(*(*c.Tail).Tail).Tail).Value = <span class="hljs-number">42</span>
...ad infinitum...
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8BB8;&#x591A;Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x90FD;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x3002;&#x8BA9;Display&#x652F;&#x6301;&#x8FD9;&#x7C7B;&#x5E26;&#x73AF;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E9B;&#x6280;&#x5DE7;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x989D;&#x5916;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x8FC4;&#x4ECA;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#xFF1B;&#x76F8;&#x5E94;&#x4F1A;&#x5E26;&#x6765;&#x6210;&#x672C;&#x3002;&#x901A;&#x7528;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x662F;&#x91C7;&#x7528; unsafe &#x7684;&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C06;&#x5728;13.3&#x8282;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x7684;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x5E26;&#x73AF;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x5F88;&#x5C11;&#x4F1A;&#x5BF9;fmt.Sprint&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x9020;&#x6210;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5B83;&#x5F88;&#x5C11;&#x5C1D;&#x8BD5;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5B8C;&#x6574;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#xFF0C;&#x5F53;&#x5B83;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x53EA;&#x662F;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x5730;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x81EA;&#x8EAB;&#x7684;slice&#x6216;map&#x65F6;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5361;&#x4F4F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x5F88;&#x7F55;&#x89C1;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x503C;&#x5F97;&#x4ED8;&#x51FA;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x5904;&#x7406;&#x56DE;&#x73AF;&#x6240;&#x9700;&#x7684;&#x5F00;&#x9500;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 12.1&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x6269;&#x5C55;Display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5B83;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x663E;&#x793A;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x4EE5;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x4F53;&#x6216;&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;map&#x7684;key&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 12.2&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x589E;&#x5F3A;display&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x7684;&#x7A33;&#x5065;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x8BB0;&#x5F55;&#x8FB9;&#x754C;&#x7684;&#x6B65;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x786E;&#x4FDD;&#x5728;&#x8D85;&#x51FA;&#x4E00;&#x5B9A;&#x9650;&#x5236;&#x540E;&#x653E;&#x5F03;&#x9012;&#x5F52;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x5728;13.3&#x8282;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F1A;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#x53E6;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;&#x662F;&#x5426;&#x5B58;&#x5728;&#x73AF;&#x7684;&#x6280;&#x672F;&#x3002;&#xFF09;</p>

                                
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